问题

# systemctl status rh-postgresql10-postgresql.service
● rh-postgresql10-postgresql.service - PostgreSQL database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rh-postgresql10-postgresql.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2021-11-23 09:06:37 CST; 9min ago
  Process: 6025 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-postgresql10/root/usr/bin/postmaster -D ${
    PGDATA} (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
  Process: 6022 ExecStartPre=/opt/rh/rh-postgresql10/root/usr/libexec/postgresql-check-db-dir %N (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 6025 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Nov 23 09:06:37 systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL database server...
Nov 23 09:06:37 systemd[1]: rh-postgresql10-postgresql.service: main p...RE
Nov 23 09:06:37 systemd[1]: Failed to start PostgreSQL database server.
Nov 23 09:06:37 systemd[1]: Unit rh-postgresql10-postgresql.service en...e.
Nov 23 09:06:37 systemd[1]: rh-postgresql10-postgresql.service failed.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

在/var/lib/pgsql（数据库初始化目录）目录中initdb_rh-postgresql10-postgresql.log文件找到：

 You can now start the database server using:

    /opt/rh/rh-postgresql10/root/usr/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql10/lib/pgsql/data -l logfile start

如果用root 用户执行则：

#  /opt/rh/rh-postgresql10/root/usr/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql10/lib/pgsql/data -l logfile start
pg_ctl: cannot be run as root
Please log in (using, e.g., "su") as the (unprivileged) user that will
own the server process.

su postgres 用户执行则：

waiting for server to start.... stopped waiting
pg_ctl: could not start server
Examine the log output.

查看日志文件：
/var/lib/pgsql/logfile

2021-11-23 09:21:07.689 CST [8183] LOG:  database system is shut down
2021-11-23 09:40:44.187 CST [11000] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
2021-11-23 09:40:44.187 CST [11000] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
2021-11-23 09:40:44.231 CST [11000] FATAL:  could not open lock file "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock": Permission denied
2021-11-23 09:40:44.231 CST [11000] LOG:  database system is shut down

方法：

chown -R postgres:postgres /var/run/postgresql
chmod 755 /var/run/postgresql

2021-11-23 10:58:48.016 CST [22255] FATAL:  could not create lock file "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock": Permission denied

方法：

chown -R postgres:postgres /tmp //root用户

bash-4.2$ /opt/rh/rh- postgresql10/root/usr/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql10/lib/pgsql/data -l logfile start  //postgres用户
waiting for server to start.... done
server started
[root@postgresql]# netstat -tpnl |grep 5432  
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:5432          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      22852/postgres      
tcp6       0      0 ::1:5432                :::*                    LISTEN      22852/postgres     

进入到 /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql10/lib/pgsql/data/log 下的postgresql-Fri.log文件：

2021-11-23 09:18:54.499 CST [24943] LOG:  using stale statistics instead of current ones because stats collector is not responding
2021-11-23 09:18:54.499 CST [24943] WARNING:  could not open statistics file "pg_stat_tmp/global.stat": Permission denied