https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/LightMode-Baked.html

baked lights are light components which have their mode property set to baked.

use baked mode for lights used for local ambience, rather tan fully featured lights. 只对局部的某些灯进行烘焙，而不是全部都是烘焙灯。unity pre-calculates the illumination from these lights before run time, and does not include them in any run-time lighting calculations. this means that there is no run-time overhead 开销 for baked lights.

unity baked direct and indirect lighting from baked lights into light maps (to illuminate static GameObjects) and Light Probes 把baked 灯烘焙为光照贴图或者是光探针. baked lights can not emit specular lighting, even on dynamic GameObjects . baked lights do not change in response to actions taken by the player, or events which take place in the Scene. they are mainly useful for increasing brightness in dark areas without needing to adjust all of the lighting within a Scene.

baked lights are also the only Light type for which dynamic GameObjects can not cast shadows on other dynamic GameObjects.

advantages of baked lighting

high-quality shadows from statics GameObjects on statics GameObjects in the light map at no additional cost.

offers indirect lighting.

all lighting for static GameObjects can be just one Texture fetched from the light map in the Shader.

disadvantages of baked lighting

no real-time direct lighting (that is, no specular effects).
no shadows from dynamic GameObjects on static GameObjects.
u only get low-resolution shadows from static GameObjects on dynamic GameObjects using Light Probes.

increased memory requirements compared to real-time lighting for the light map texture set, because light maps need to be more detailed to contain direct lighting information.

techniques details
for baked lights, unity pre-computes the entire light path, except for the path segment from the Camera to the surface. see documentation on Light Modes for more information about light paths.

unity also precomputes direct baked lighting, which means that light direction information is not available to unity at runtime. instead, a small number of Texture operations handle all light calculations for baked lights in the Scene area. without this information, unity can not carry out calculations for specular and glossy reflections. if u need specular reflections, use reflection probes or use mixed or realtime lights. see documentation on directional light maps for more information.

baked lights never illuminate dynamic gameobjects at runtime. the only way for dynamic game objects to receive light from baked lights is via light probes. this is also the only difference between baked lights and any subtractive mode mixed lights.